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Original illustration of the Iberian Lynx

Card 16 of 30

Iberian Lynx

Lynx pardinus

Vulnerable

In 2002: 94 left. Today: more than 2,000.

Size
About 28 lbs · knee-high at the shoulder
Lifespan
Not reliably documented
Diet
European rabbits — about 90% of its diet
Remaining↑
2,021 2023 census · per MITECO
The Iberian Lynx in its habitat, an original illustration
Southern Spain and Portugal

Where it lives

Southern Spain and Portugal

Ranges stay general on purpose. Witness never publishes a location that could help someone find an animal already under pressure.

See it on the map

What threatens it

  • Rabbit disease crashes
  • Road deaths
  • Habitat fragmentation
  • Domestic-cat disease

Life cycle

One litter a year, usually around three kittens, born in early spring inside a hollow cork-oak trunk. The mother moves them between hidden bush dens until, at two months, they begin to follow her.

Field study of the Iberian Lynx, an original illustration
Field study · Iberian Lynx
The Iberian Lynx observed in the field, an original illustration
Field observation

Field notes

Every passage carries the number of the source it came from. Nothing here is written from memory.

The Iberian lynx wears its identity plainly: a spotted tawny coat, black brushes on the ear tips, a bearded ruff, and a short tail with a black tassel.Source 1

It is a specialist to the point of dependence: rabbits are about ninety percent of everything it eats.Source 1

When disease crashed the rabbit populations, the lynx crashed with them. By 2002, ninety-four individuals were left.Source 2Source 3

It was, in those years, the most endangered cat on Earth.Source 4

The rescue was unglamorous and total: rabbits restored, private estates enrolled, breeding centers built, road underpasses dug and fenced.Source 2Source 5Source 3

More than four hundred captive-bred lynx have been released into Spain and Portugal since 2010.Source 3

Mothers den in hollow cork-oak trunks, shuttling their kittens between hidden bush dens until they emerge at two months.Source 4

The 2023 census counted 2,021 lynx — 722 of them cubs.Source 6

In June 2024 the IUCN moved it from Endangered to Vulnerable: the greatest recovery of a cat species conservation has ever achieved.Source 3

It is not finished — full recovery needs 750 breeding females and the count stands at 406 — but to witness the Iberian lynx is to watch a comeback still gaining ground.Source 6

The Iberian Lynx drawn to scale beside a human figure
Scale study · beside a human figure

Did you know

The IUCN calls this the greatest recovery of a cat species ever achieved through conservation.

This week’s act · for the Iberian Lynx

Read the comeback announcement

Read the IUCN's 2024 announcement of the downlisting: how a species at 62 mature animals became conservation's greatest cat recovery.

with IUCN

3 minutes · Worldwide · verified 24 August 2026

Witness records that this door was opened. It never claims the outcome.

Help & protection

  • LIFE LynxConnect

    One connected population

    The EU project stitching six separate lynx nuclei into a single genetically connected metapopulation across Spain and Portugal.

    View initiative ↗Verified 24 August 2026
  • Fundación CBD-Habitat

    Lynx land stewardship

    Works with private estates on rabbit recovery, habitat management, and hazard mitigation in lynx country.

    View initiative ↗Verified 24 August 2026

Sources & verification

Status
Vulnerable
Range (generalized)
Southern Spain and Portugal
Fact-checked
25 August 2026
Location review
generalized
Artwork
AI-assisted stylized illustration
  1. LIFE LynxConnect

    Ecology — LIFE LynxConnect

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  2. European Commission (CINEA)

    The comeback cat: Iberian lynx numbers up tenfold in 20 years

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  3. IUCN

    Iberian lynx rebounding thanks to conservation action

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  4. LIFE LynxConnect (hosted)

    Breeding dens and kitten development in the Iberian lynx (Journal of Zoology)

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  5. Fundación CBD-Habitat

    Iberian lynx conservation program

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  6. Fundación Biodiversidad / MITECO

    The Iberian lynx population surpassed 2,000 in 2023

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  7. LIFE LynxConnect

    Project — LIFE LynxConnect

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026

Record last fact-checked 25 August 2026. The illustrations are original, drawn for Witness; they are not photographs.

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