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Original illustration of the Saola

Card 11 of 30

Saola

Pseudoryx nghetinhensis

Critically Endangered

No scientist has ever seen one alive in the wild.

Size
31–39 in at shoulder · 154–220 lbs
Lifespan
Unknown — none ever kept in captivity
Diet
Understory leaves, fruit & seeds
Remaining↓
Fewer than 50, possibly far fewer estimate · per Saola Foundation
The Saola in its habitat, an original illustration
Annamite Mountains, Vietnam–Laos border

Where it lives

Annamite Mountains, Vietnam–Laos border

Ranges stay general on purpose. Witness never publishes a location that could help someone find an animal already under pressure.

See it on the map

What threatens it

  • Wire snare crisis
  • Hunting bycatch
  • Emptied forests
  • Isolated survivors

Life cycle

Almost nothing is known. Single calves are the norm, and saola live alone except for mothers with young — nearly every other fact about how the species breeds is still waiting to be learned.

Field study of the Saola, an original illustration
Field study · Saola
The Saola observed in the field, an original illustration
Field observation

Field notes

Every passage carries the number of the source it came from. Nothing here is written from memory.

In 1992, researchers in a remote Vietnamese village found a skull with two long, parallel horns — a large mammal completely new to science.Source 1

The saola wears a rich brown coat with white markings across its face, and both sexes carry horns up to twenty inches long.Source 2Source 3

They call it the Asian unicorn — not because it has one horn, but because almost no one has ever seen it.Source 4

No biologist has ever confirmed seeing one alive in the wild, and there is not a single saola in any zoo on Earth.Source 2

The most recent photograph of a wild saola was taken by an automatic camera in 2013, standing in a forest creek.Source 2Source 3

The threat is not even aimed at it: wire snares made from bicycle brake cable, laid by the hundreds for other animals, empty the forest of everything that walks.Source 5Source 1

The search continues with camera traps, environmental DNA — even the blood meals of forest leeches.Source 6

There is room for hope: as little as two percent of its possible range has ever been properly searched.Source 7

Vietnam and Laos are building the first conservation breeding center for Annamite wildlife, with the saola as its flagship.Source 1Source 6

To witness the saola is to keep a place in the world for an animal that may yet walk out of the forest.Source 7

The Saola drawn to scale beside a human figure
Scale study · beside a human figure

Did you know

Since its discovery in 1992, the saola has been photographed in the wild only five times.

This week’s act · for the Saola

Meet the Asian unicorn

Read Re:wild's ten things about the saola: the 1992 discovery, the snare crisis, and the plan to find and breed the last ones.

with Re:wild

4 minutes · Worldwide · verified 24 August 2026

Witness records that this door was opened. It never claims the outcome.

Help & protection

  • Saola Foundation

    Save Saola

    Searches for surviving saola in Laos and works toward a conservation breeding program for eventual return to the wild.

    View initiative ↗Verified 24 August 2026
  • Re:wild

    Saola emergency response

    With the EU and WWF-Viet Nam: eDNA and camera-trap searches, snare-free safe havens, and the first Annamites breeding center at Bach Ma National Park.

    View initiative ↗Verified 24 August 2026

Sources & verification

Status
Critically Endangered
Range (generalized)
Annamite Mountains, Vietnam–Laos border
Fact-checked
25 August 2026
Location review
generalized
Artwork
AI-assisted stylized illustration
  1. Re:wild

    Saola

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  2. Saola Foundation

    The Asian Unicorn

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  3. Re:wild

    10 things you probably didn't know about Saola

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  4. Saola Foundation

    The Saola

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  5. Saola Foundation

    How many snares are too many?

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  6. Re:wild

    EU, Re:wild and WWF-Viet Nam mobilize emergency response

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026
  7. Saola Foundation

    Save Saola

    Open source ↗Last accessed 24 August 2026

Record last fact-checked 25 August 2026. The illustrations are original, drawn for Witness; they are not photographs.

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