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Original illustration of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper

Card 23 of 30

Spoon-billed Sandpiper

Calidris pygmaea

Critically Endangered

A sparrow-sized bird with a spoon for a bill — and 8,000 km to fly.

Size
5½–6 in — fits in a palm
Lifespan
Not reliably documented
Diet
Mudflat invertebrates & insects
Remaining↓
240–620 mature birds 2021 · per BirdLife International
The Spoon-billed Sandpiper in its habitat, an original illustration
Chukotka, Russia to the coasts of Southeast Asia

Where it lives

Chukotka, Russia to the coasts of Southeast Asia

Ranges stay general on purpose. Witness never publishes a location that could help someone find an animal already under pressure.

See it on the map

What threatens it

  • Tidal-flat reclamation
  • Mist-net bycatch
  • Warming tundra
  • Invasive cordgrass

Life cycle

Four eggs in a ground nest among crowberry and lichen, never far from the sea. Chicks hatch the size of bumblebees and feed themselves within a day, guarded by their father while the mother starts south.

Field study of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper, an original illustration
Field study · Spoon-billed Sandpiper
The Spoon-billed Sandpiper observed in the field, an original illustration
Field observation

Field notes

Every passage carries the number of the source it came from. Nothing here is written from memory.

No shorebird on Earth looks like it: a bird the size of a sparrow with a black spoon at the end of its face.Source 1Source 2

It uses the spoon as a shovel, lifting wet sand and mud in search of invertebrates.Source 1

In breeding plumage its head and breast flame reddish-brown above a white, black-spotted belly.Source 2Source 1

Twice a year it flies 8,000 kilometers along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, a superhighway shared with fifty million waterbirds.Source 1

The flyway is losing its rest stops: when four hundred square kilometers of mudflat at Saemangeum were walled off, the hundreds of spoonies that stopped there fell to one.Source 1

On the wintering grounds, young birds are caught in mist nets set for larger waders.Source 3

So conservation follows the whole route. In Chukotka, eggs go into incubators and chicks into aviaries — headstarting that lifts their survival five-fold.Source 1Source 4

In Myanmar's Gulf of Mottama, more than 80 percent of hunters have agreed to stop, and report better livelihoods.Source 1

The decline has slowed from 26 percent a year to under ten — not saved, but no longer in freefall.Source 1

To witness the spoon-billed sandpiper is to hold the whole flyway in mind — every mudflat a link in an 8,000-kilometer chain.Source 1Source 4

The Spoon-billed Sandpiper drawn to scale beside a human figure
Scale study · beside a human figure

Did you know

An ark flock of spoon-billed sandpipers lives at Slimbridge in England — a final defence against total extinction.

This week’s act · for the Spoon-billed Sandpiper

Meet the spoonie

Read WWT's project page: the headstarting work in Chukotka, and the ark flock standing guard against extinction.

with WWT

6 minutes · Worldwide · verified 25 August 2026

Witness records that this door was opened. It never claims the outcome.

Help & protection

  • WWT

    Spoonie programme

    Headstarting on the Chukotka tundra with Birds Russia, and the Slimbridge conservation-breeding ark.

    View initiative ↗Verified 25 August 2026
  • EAAFP

    Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force

    Coordinates the species action plan along the whole flyway, from Russian breeding grounds to Southeast Asian mudflats.

    View initiative ↗Verified 25 August 2026

Sources & verification

Status
Critically Endangered
Range (generalized)
Chukotka, Russia to the coasts of Southeast Asia
Fact-checked
25 August 2026
Location review
generalized
Artwork
AI-assisted stylized illustration
  1. BirdLife International

    Fewer than 500 left: why saving Spoonie is a race against time

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  2. East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership

    Spoon-billed Sandpiper

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  3. BirdLife International

    Spoon-billed Sandpiper Species Factsheet

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  4. East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership

    Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  5. WWT

    Spoon-billed sandpipers

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  6. WWT

    Spoonie update — autumn 2024

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026
  7. WWT

    'Headstarted' spoon-billed sandpipers hatch

    Open source ↗Last accessed 25 August 2026

Record last fact-checked 25 August 2026. The illustrations are original, drawn for Witness; they are not photographs.

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